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Figure 8.1 |
The independent point-to-point connections required for (a) two, (b) three, and (c) four computers. The number of connections grows rapidly as the number of computers increases. |
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Figure 8.2 |
The disadvantage of a point-to-point network that requires a dedicated connection for each pair of computers: the total number of connections passing between two locations can exceed the total number of computers being connected. |
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Figure 8.3 |
Illustration of the star topology in which each computer attaches to a central point called a hub. |
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Figure 8.4 |
Illustration of a ring topology in which computers are connected in a closed loop. Each computer connects directly to two others. |
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Figure 8.5 |
Illustration of a bus topology in which all computers attach to a single cable. |
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Figure 8.6 |
Illustration of Manchester Encoding used with Ethernet. A change from positive voltage to zero encodes a 0 bit, and a change from zero to positive voltage encodes a 1 bit. |
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Figure 8.7 |
Conceptual flow of bits across an Ethernet. While transmitting a frame, a computer has exclusive use of the cable. |
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Figure 8.8 |
Three computers with wireless LAN hardware positioned at maximal transmission distance, d. Although computer 2 will receive all transmissions, computers 1 and 3 will not receive transmissions from each other |
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Figure 8.9 |
The conceptual flow of bits during a transmission on a token ring network. Except for the sender, computers on the network pass bits of the frame to the next station. The destination makes a copy. |
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Figure 8.10 |
(a) Arrows showing the directions that data flows around counter-rotating rings, and (b) the same network after a station has failed. After the failure, stations use the reverse path to form a closed ring. |
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Figure 8.11 |
An ATM switch with six computers attached, and the star topology that results. |
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Figure 8.12 |
Details of a connection between an ATM switch and a computer. Each connection consists of a pair of optical fibers. One fiber carries data to the switch, and the other carries data to the computer. |
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Figure 9.1 |
Organization of the hardware in a computer attached to a LAN. Because it is powerful and independent, the network interface hardware does not use the CPU when transmitting or receiving bits of a frame. |
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Figure 9.2 |
The general format of a frame sent across a LAN. The header contains information such as the addresses of the sender and the recipient. |
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Figure 9.3 |
Illustration of the frame format used with Ethernet. The number in each field gives the size of the field measured in 8-bit octets. |
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Figure 9.4 |
Examples of frame types used with Ethernet (type values are given in hexadecimal). The table lists only a few examples; many other types have been assigned. |
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Figure 10.3 |
Three computers connected to a thick Ethernet. An AUI cable connects the NIC in each computer to its corresponding transceiver. |
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Figure 10.4 |
A connection multiplexor. Although the multiplexor attaches to a single transceiver, multiple computers can connect to the multiplexor. Each computer operates as if it connects directly to a transceiver. |
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Figure 10.5 |
Three computers connected on a thin wire Ethernet. The medium is a flexible cable that connects from the NIC on one computer directly to the NIC on another computer. |
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Figure 10.6 |
Three computers connected to an Ethernet hub using twisted pair wiring. Each computer has a dedicated connection. |
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Figure 10.7 |
Illustration of computers in eight offices wired with (a) thick, (b) thin, and (c) twisted pair Ethernet. Wires can run above the ceiling or under a raised floor. A wiring closet may contain a hub or equipment used for network monitoring, control, or debugging. |
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Figure 10.8 |
Illustration of the part of an Ethernet interface card exposed when the card is installed in a computer. The interface can be used with one of the three basic wiring schemes. Each wiring scheme uses a different style connector. |
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Figure 10.10 |
Three Macintosh computers connected with LocalTalk wiring. Each computer attaches to a transceiver with a short LocalTalk cable, and LocalTalk cables connect the transceivers. A LocalTalk transceiver with only one connection acts as a terminator for the bus. |
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Figure 11.1 |
Optical fibers and fiber modems used to provide a connection between a computer and a distant Ethernet. The computer and Ethernet hub both use conventional signals. |
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Figure 11.2 |
A repeater R connecting two Ethernets. The repeater connects directly to the cable. |
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Figure 11.3 |
Repeaters used to connect Ethernet segments on three floors of an office building. Each floor has one segment, and one segment is placed vertically in the building. |
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Figure 11.4 |
Six computers connected to a pair of bridged LAN segments. The bridge, which uses the same type of connection as a computer, always sends and receives complete frames. |
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Figure 11.5 |
A sequence of events for the example network shown in Figure 11.4 and the locations of computers that the bridge has learned. |
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Figure 11.6 |
A bridge connecting LAN segments in two buildings. An optical fiber is used to connect the bridge to a remote LAN segment. |
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Figure 11.7 |
A bridge using a leased satellite channel to connect LAN segments at two sites. A satellite bridge can span arbitrary distance. |
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Figure 11.10 |
The concept underlying a switched LAN. Electronic circuits in the switch provide each computer with the illusion of a separate LAN segment connected to other segments by bridges. |
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Figure 17.2 |
An internet formed by using three routers to interconnect four physical networks. Each network can be a LAN or a WAN. |
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Figure 19.6 |
The format for an ARP message when used to bind Internet protocol addresses to Ethernet hardware addresses. |
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Figure 19.7 |
Illustration of an ARP message encapsulated in an Ethernet frame. The entire ARP message travels in the data area of the frame; the network hardware neither interprets nor modifies contents of the ARP message. |
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Figure 19.8 |
Illustration of the type field in an Ethernet header used to specify the frame contents. A value of 0x806 informs the receiver that the frame contains an ARP message. |
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Figure 32.1 |
An example e-mail message. Lines of the header begin with a keyword and a colon; a blank line separates the header from the body . |
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Figure 36.1 |
An example CGI program written in UNIX shell language. |
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Animation 06_1 |
Computers sharing an Ethernet |
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Animation 06_2 |
Illustration of CSMA/CD |
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Animation 06_3 |
Computers sharing a token ring |
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Animation 06_4 |
Token passing in a token ring network |
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Animation 06_5 |
Collision on an Ethernet |
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Animation 09_1 |
Repeaters interconnect Ethernet segments by amplifying and retransmitting signals from one segment to another; the resulting network of segments is indistinguishable from a single large Ethernet as exactly the same electrical signals appear on every segment. |
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Animation 09_2 |
Bridges interconnect Ethernet segments by receiving and retransmitting entire frames, employing CSMA/CD technology to avoid collisions and avoiding the propagation of collisions between segments; filtering bridges can reduce traffic by only forwarding frames on the path from the source to the destination. |
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Animation 09_3 |
Routers interconnect Ethernet segments by receiving and retransmitting IP datagrams carried in hardware frames; routers can limit the scope of hardware broadcasts and can interconnect network segments that use dissimilar hardware technologies. |
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Data file 1 |
Trace of all IP traffic on Ethernet segment. Contains approximately 87,000 packets and 6.5Mb. Trace includes packet headers only. |
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Photo 1_016 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 1_017 |
Three computers, all using thin Ethernet |
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Photo 1_018 |
Three computers, all using thin Ethernet |
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Photo 1_028 |
AUI-to-thin Ethernet adapter |
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Photo 1_030 |
Using star network topology requires that every computer have a separate cable connecting it to the hub; there may be many cables running to the hubs in a star-shaped network |
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Photo 1_031 |
AUI-to-thin Ethernet adapter |
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Photo 1_033 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_034 |
Optical fiber connections into an ATM NIC |
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Photo 1_035 |
Ethernet NIC |
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Photo 1_039 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 1_051 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 1_053 |
Thin Ethernet connector |
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Photo 1_054 |
A thin Ethernet cable with a BNC connector, a thin Ethernet terminator and a thin Ethernet "T" connector |
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Photo 1_055 |
Thin Ethernet terminator |
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Photo 1_056 |
AUI connection multiplexor |
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Photo 1_061 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_062 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_066 |
Cables running through conduit |
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Photo 1_067 |
An AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 2_012 |
A multiple-port router; this router interconnects 8 10Base-T Ethernets and an SMDS WAN |
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Photo 2_025 |
An Ethernet NIC. |
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Photo 3_001 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_004 |
A closeup of two 3Com 24 port Ethernet switches, a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair copper and fiber optic connections, and a Fore ForeRunner LE155 ATM switch with 12 twisted pair 155 megabit connections (see photo img3_001). |
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Photo 3_011 |
A wall outlet with six RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_012 |
A wall outlet with six RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_013 |
A wall outlet with four unused RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_014 |
A wall outlet with four unused RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_015 |
The back of a laser printer. The blue cable is a twisted pair Ethernet cable which connects the printer the the local area network. |
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Photo 3_016 |
The back of a laser printer. The blue cable is a twisted pair Ethernet cable which connects the printer the the local area network. |
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Photo 3_017 |
The back of a laser printer. The blue cable is a twisted pair Ethernet cable which connects the printer the the local area network. |
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Photo 3_018 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling. |
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Photo 3_019 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling. |
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Photo 3_020 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling. |
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Photo 3_021 |
An Ethernet network interface card. This card has connectors for three types of Ethernet cabling. From top to bottom they are twisted pair, thick, and thin. |
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Photo 3_022 |
An Ethernet network interface card. This card has connectors for three types of Ethernet cabling. From top to bottom they are twisted pair, thick, and thin. |
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Photo 3_025 |
A Proxim RangeLAN wireless local area network interface card. Also shown is a table-top antenna which attaches to the interface card. |
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Photo 3_026 |
A Proxim RangeLAN wireless local area network interface card. Also shown is a table-top antenna which attaches to the interface card. |
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Photo 3_027 |
An AirLAN wireless local area network interface card. The white rectangular object is a wall or ceiling mount antenna which attaches to the interface. |
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Photo 3_028 |
An AirLAN wireless local area network interface card. The white rectangular object is a wall or ceiling mount antenna which attaches to the interface. |
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Photo 3_029 |
The front of a Proxim wireless bridge. This device bridges a wireless Proxim local area network with a standard Ethernet network. |
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Photo 3_030 |
The front of a Proxim wireless bridge. This device bridges a wireless Proxim local area network with a standard Ethernet network. |
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Photo 3_031 |
The back of a Proxim wireless bridge. On the left is an antenna. On the right is an RJ-45 Ethernet jack. To the left of that is a thin Ethernet BNC connector. |
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Photo 3_032 |
The back of a Proxim wireless bridge. On the left is an antenna. On the right is an RJ-45 Ethernet jack. To the left of that is a thin Ethernet BNC connector. |
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Photo 3_033 |
A RangeLAN wireless local area network PCMCIA interface card. The black object attached to the left of the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 3_034 |
A RangeLAN wireless local area network PCMCIA interface card. The black object attached to the left of the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 3_035 |
A RangeLAN wireless PCMCIA network interface card. Attached is its wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_036 |
A RangeLAN wireless PCMCIA network interface card. Attached is its wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_037 |
An AirLAN wireless LAN PCMCIA interface card. Attached to the card is the wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_038 |
An AirLAN wireless LAN PCMCIA interface card. Attached to the card is the wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_039 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_040 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_041 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are |
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Photo 3_042 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_043 |
A wiring closet containing, from top to bottom, three patch panels, two Ethernet hubs, and an Ethernet switch. |
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Photo 3_044 |
A wiring closet containing, from top to bottom, three patch panels, two Ethernet hubs, and an Ethernet switch. |
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Photo 3_045 |
A closeup of the three Ethernet patch cables. The blue cabling is twisted pair Ethernet cable. |
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Photo 3_046 |
On the left three Ethernet patch cables can be seen. Toward the top and right are conduits which cary various data and telephone cables throughout the building. |
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Photo 3_047 |
A wiring closet containing, from top to bottom, three patch panels, two Ethernet hubs, and an Ethernet switch. |
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Photo 3_048 |
A closeup of the three Ethernet patch cables. The blue cabling is twisted pair Ethernet cable. |
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Photo 3_050 |
A closeup of the three Ethernet patch cables. The blue cabling is twisted pair Ethernet cable. |
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Photo 3_051 |
A closeup of the three Ethernet patch cables. The blue cabling is twisted pair Ethernet cable. |
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Photo 3_052 |
A closeup of the three Ethernet patch cables. The blue cabling is twisted pair Ethernet cable. |
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Photo 3_061 |
Three 3Com Ethernet switches. |
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Photo 3_062 |
Three 3Com Ethernet switches. |
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Photo 3_067 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_068 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_069 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_070 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_071 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_072 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_073 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_074 |
A wiring closet. From top to bottom this closet contains three patch panels, two 3Com 24 port Ethernet switches, a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair copper and fiber optic connections, and A Fore ForeRunner LE155 ATM switch with 12 twisted pair 155 megabit connections. |
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Photo 4_017 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_018 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_019 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_020 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_021 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_022 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_023 |
A Cisco 2514 Router. On the left are two Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_024 |
A Cisco 2514 Router. On the left are two Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_025 |
A Cisco 2514 Router. On the left are two Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_026 |
A Cisco 2514 Router. On the left are two Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_027 |
A Cisco 2514 Router. On the left are two Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_028 |
A Cisco 2514 Router. On the left are two Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_029 |
A Cisco 2514 Router. On the left are two Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_030 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps. |
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Photo 4_031 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps. |
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Photo 4_032 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps. |
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Photo 4_033 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps. |
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Photo 4_034 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_035 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_036 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_037 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_053 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5500 Ethernet Switch. The blue cables are twisted pair 10/100 megabit Ethernet. The orange lines are 10 or 100 megabit fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 4_054 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5500 Ethernet Switch. The blue cables are twisted pair 10/100 megabit Ethernet. The orange lines are 10 or 100 megabit fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 4_055 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5500 Ethernet Switch. The blue cables are twisted pair 10/100 megabit Ethernet. The orange lines are 10 or 100 megabit fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 4_056 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5500 Ethernet Switch. The blue cables are twisted pair 10/100 megabit Ethernet. The orange lines are 10 or 100 megabit fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 4_075 |
Two examples of PCMCIA fax/modem/Ethernet adapters. |
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Photo 4_076 |
Two examples of PCMCIA fax/modem/Ethernet adapters. |
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Photo 4_077 |
Two examples of PCMCIA fax/modem/Ethernet adapters. |
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Photo 4_078 |
The back side of an Ethernet repeater. On the left is an RJ-45 twisted pair connector. In the middle is a thin Ethernet coaxial connector. |
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Photo 4_079 |
The back side of an Ethernet repeater. On the left is an RJ-45 twisted pair connector. In the middle is a thin Ethernet coaxial connector. |
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Photo 4_080 |
The front of an Ethernet repeater shows various status indicators. |
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Photo 4_081 |
A twelve port twisted pair Ethernet hub. About to be plugged in is an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 4_082 |
A twelve port twisted pair Ethernet hub. About to be plugged in is an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 4_083 |
An example of thin Ethernet coaxial cabling. On the left is an end connector. On the right is a T splitter which would attach a host to the Ethernet bus. |
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Photo 4_084 |
An example of thin Ethernet coaxial cabling. On the left is an end connector. On the right is a T splitter which would attach a host to the Ethernet bus. |
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Photo 4_085 |
The end of a twisted pair Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 4_086 |
The end of a twisted pair Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 4_087 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_088 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_089 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_090 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_091 |
A Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (historic). This switch has four ports to which hosts are connected. Each port consists of two connectors, one for transmitting data and one for receiving data. One can see three free slots in which additional ports can be added. A twisted pair tranceiver on the lower left also attaches the switch the an Ethernet network. |
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Photo 4_092 |
A Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (historic). This switch has four ports to which hosts are connected. Each port consists of two connectors, one for transmitting data and one for receiving data. One can see three free slots in which additional ports can be added. A twisted pair tranceiver on the lower left also attaches the switch the an Ethernet network. |
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Photo 4_093 |
Closeup of the ports on a Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (see photo img4_091). |
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Photo 4_094 |
Closeup of the ports on a Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (see photo img4_091). |
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Photo 4_095 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10 Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit mode. |
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Photo 4_096 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10 Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit mode. |
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Photo 4_097 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10 Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit mode. |
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Photo 4_098 |
An AirLan wireless local area network interface antenna mounted on a ceiling. |
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Photo 4_099 |
An AirLan wireless local area network interface antenna mounted on a ceiling. |
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Photo 4_100 |
An AirLan wireless local area network interface antenna mounted on a ceiling. |
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Photo 4_101 |
A Proxim RangeLAN PCMCIA wireless local area network interface card being inserted into a laptop computer. The small black piece attached to the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 4_102 |
A Proxim RangeLAN PCMCIA wireless local area network interface card being inserted into a laptop computer. The small black piece attached to the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 4_105 |
A PCMCIA Ethernet interface being inserted into a laptop computer. Attached to the card is a twisted pair Ethernet cable. One end of the cable has a standard RJ-45 plug, while the end to which the card attaches has a proprietary connector. |
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Photo 4_106 |
A PCMCIA Ethernet interface being inserted into a laptop computer. Attached to the card is a twisted pair Ethernet cable. One end of the cable has a standard RJ-45 plug, while the end to which the card attaches has a proprietary connector. |
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Photo 4_111 |
The back of a Motorla cable modem. On the left is a standard coaxial television cable connector. The modem sends and receives data over the existing cable system infrastructure through this connection. On the right is an RJ-45 Ethernet jack which connects the modem to a computer. |
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Photo 6_003 |
A Cisco 2900 XL switch (2924XL-M). The switch has 24 10/100 Mbps twisted pair Ethernet ports. It also accomdates two optional modules above. This switch has an optical fiber Ethernet interface installed in the left module bay and no module on the right. |
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Photo 6_007 |
The rear of a Cisco Catalyst 6500 switch. This switch includes 12 gigabit Ethernet ports as well as 48 100 Mbps fiber Ethernet ports. The smaller device on top of the switch is a gigabit Ethernet extender. The extender allows gigabit Ethernet to be run over multimode fiber optic cable for up to 2 km. The normal range for gigabit Ethernet over the same cable is about 500 ft (152 meters). |
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Photo 6_008 |
The rear of a Cisco Catalyst 6500 switch. This switch includes 12 gigabit Ethernet ports as well as 48 100 Mbps fiber Ethernet ports. The smaller device on top of the switch is a gigabit Ethernet extender. The extender allows gigabit Ethernet to be run over multimode fiber optic cable for up to 2 km. The normal range for gigabit Ethernet over the same cable is about 500 ft (152 meters). |
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Photo 6_009 |
The front of a Cisco Catalyst 6500 switch. |
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Photo 6_010 |
A Cisco Cache Engine 550 web cache (four bottom units). Each web cache contains two 9.2 GB hard disks. The four units together are intended to handle up to 45 Mbps of web traffic. A Cisco router (not shown) redirects web connections to the web caches. The router performs load balancing among the individual web caches by redirecting web traffic destined for a particular range of IP addresses to each web cache. Directly above the caches is a Cisco Catalyst 2900XL switch. On top is a 3Com 24-port, 4-segment hub. |
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Photo 6_011 |
A Cisco Cache Engine 550 web cache (four bottom units). Each web cache contains two 9.2 GB hard disks. The four units together are intended to handle up to 45 Mbps of web traffic. A Cisco router (not shown) redirects web connections to the web caches. The router performs load balancing among the individual web caches by redirecting web traffic destined for a particular range of IP addresses to each web cache. Directly above the caches is a Cisco Catalyst 2900XL switch. On top is a 3Com 24-port, 4-segment hub. |
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Photo 6_012 |
A Cisco Cache Engine 550 web cache (four bottom units). Each web cache contains two 9.2 GB hard disks. The four units together are intended to handle up to 45 Mbps of web traffic. A Cisco router (not shown) redirects web connections to the web caches. The router performs load balancing among the individual web caches by redirecting web traffic destined for a particular range of IP addresses to each web cache. Directly above the caches is a Cisco Catalyst 2900XL switch. On top is a 3Com 24-port, 4-segment hub. |
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Photo 6_013 |
A Cisco Cache Engine 550 web cache (four bottom units). Each web cache contains two 9.2 GB hard disks. The four units together are intended to handle up to 45 Mbps of web traffic. A Cisco router (not shown) redirects web connections to the web caches. The router performs load balancing among the individual web caches by redirecting web traffic destined for a particular range of IP addresses to each web cache. Directly above the caches is a Cisco Catalyst 2900XL switch. On top is a 3Com 24-port, 4-segment hub. |
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Photo 6_019 |
A 24-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry at the left of the photo handles the transmission and reception of Ethernet frames. The circuitry at the right communicates with the rest of the Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry in the middle of the board performs the frame switching function. |
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Photo 6_020 |
A 24-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry at the left of the photo handles the transmission and reception of Ethernet frames. The circuitry at the right communicates with the rest of the Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry in the middle of the board performs the frame switching function. |
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Photo 7_003 |
A Cisco 12000 GSR (gigabit speed router). The 12000 series routers have a capacity of up to 160 Gbps and can interface to OC-3, OC-12 or gigabit Ethernet. |
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Photo 7_004 |
Cisco Aironet 340 wireless LAN base station and PC card interface. |
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Photo 7_005 |
Cisco 340 series wireless LAN products, including base stations, PC Card interfaces and desktop computer interfaces. |
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Photo 7_011 |
A Cisco 340 wireless LAN interface, which connects to a desktop computer through a USB interface. |
