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Figure 4.1 |
Illustration of twisted pair wiring. A plastic coating on the surface of each wire prevents the metal in one wire from touching the metal in the other. The twists help reduce interference. |
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Figure 5.3 |
The minimal wiring required for full-duplex RS-232 communication in which control wires are omitted. Although the two circuits carry data independently, it is possible for them to share a single ground wire. |
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Figure 9.1 |
Organization of the hardware in a computer attached to a LAN. Because it is powerful and independent, the network interface hardware does not use the CPU when transmitting or receiving bits of a frame. |
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Figure 10.1 |
The location of I/O sockets inside a typical computer. Each socket aligns with an opening in the back of the cabinet, and the computer's bus connects the socket to other major components such as the processor and memory. |
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Figure 10.2 |
The back of a computer with a NIC installed in one of the sockets. A cable attaches the exposed connector to the network. |
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Figure 10.3 |
Three computers connected to a thick Ethernet. An AUI cable connects the NIC in each computer to its corresponding transceiver. |
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Figure 10.4 |
A connection multiplexor. Although the multiplexor attaches to a single transceiver, multiple computers can connect to the multiplexor. Each computer operates as if it connects directly to a transceiver. |
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Figure 10.5 |
Three computers connected on a thin wire Ethernet. The medium is a flexible cable that connects from the NIC on one computer directly to the NIC on another computer. |
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Figure 10.6 |
Three computers connected to an Ethernet hub using twisted pair wiring. Each computer has a dedicated connection. |
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Figure 10.7 |
Illustration of computers in eight offices wired with (a) thick, (b) thin, and (c) twisted pair Ethernet. Wires can run above the ceiling or under a raised floor. A wiring closet may contain a hub or equipment used for network monitoring, control, or debugging. |
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Figure 10.8 |
Illustration of the part of an Ethernet interface card exposed when the card is installed in a computer. The interface can be used with one of the three basic wiring schemes. Each wiring scheme uses a different style connector. |
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Figure 10.9 |
Popular wiring categories and typical uses for each. Category 5E is an enhanced version of category 5. |
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Figure 10.10 |
Three Macintosh computers connected with LocalTalk wiring. Each computer attaches to a transceiver with a short LocalTalk cable, and LocalTalk cables connect the transceivers. A LocalTalk transceiver with only one connection acts as a terminator for the bus. |
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Figure 11.3 |
Repeaters used to connect Ethernet segments on three floors of an office building. Each floor has one segment, and one segment is placed vertically in the building. |
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Figure 12.7 |
ADSL modems connected to existing local loop wiring. The modems can use a pair of wires simultaneously with analog telephone service. |
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Figure 17.1 |
Two physical networks connected by a router, which has a separate interface for each network connection. Computers can attach to each network. |
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Figure 18.9 |
An example of IP addresses assigned to two routers. Each interface is assigned an address that contains the prefix of the network to which the interface connects. |
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Figure 19.9 |
Layered protocol software in a computer and the conceptual boundary between the network interface layer and higher layers. Software above the boundary uses protocol addresses; software below the boundary translates each protocol address to an equivalent hardware address. |
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Figure 20.3 |
(a) An internet of four networks and three routers with an IP address assigned to each router interface, and (b) the routing table found in the center router. Each entry in the table lists a destination, a mask, and the next hop used to reach the destination. |
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Figure 28.1 |
A client and server using TCP/IP protocols to communicate across an internet. The client and server each interact with a protocol in the transport layer. |
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Figure 28.2 |
Two servers on a single computer accessed by clients on two other computers. Client 1 can access server 1, while client 2 accesses server 2. |
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Figure 32.6 |
The path of a message as it passes from a sender's interface through a mail gateway. On the gateway computer, an exploder handles incoming e-mail, and a conventional mail transfer program sends a copy to each recipient. |
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Figure 34.1 |
The names of commands found in the BSD interface for FTP. Many vendors support a variant of the BSD interface. |
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Photo 1_014 |
RS-232 connectors, showing wiring for three-wire connection. |
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Photo 1_016 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 1_017 |
Three computers, all using thin Ethernet |
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Photo 1_018 |
Three computers, all using thin Ethernet |
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Photo 1_020 |
Punch-down connections for 10Base-T; using 10Base-T hubs requires individual cables from all connected computers be brought together, for example, in a wiring closet. |
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Photo 1_023 |
AUI-to-10Base-T adapter |
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Photo 1_024 |
RS-232 connector with control and data wiring. |
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Photo 1_025 |
RS-232 connector with control and data wiring. |
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Photo 1_028 |
AUI-to-thin Ethernet adapter |
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Photo 1_031 |
AUI-to-thin Ethernet adapter |
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Photo 1_033 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_034 |
Optical fiber connections into an ATM NIC; this computer also has an AUI Ethernet connection just below the orange optical fiber cable |
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Photo 1_035 |
Ethernet NIC |
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Photo 1_037 |
RS-232 cable, showing wiring for RS-232 data and control signals. |
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Photo 1_038 |
RS-232 cable, showing wiring for RS-232 data and control signals. |
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Photo 1_039 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 1_045 |
10Base-T cables connected to a hub. |
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Photo 1_046 |
10Base-T cables connected to punch-down blocks. |
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Photo 1_048 |
An RS-232 cable tester; each of the RS-232 signals is displayed on the panel and individual pins from one connector can be patched to different pins on the other connector to accommodate wiring mismatches. |
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Photo 1_051 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 1_053 |
Thin Ethernet connector |
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Photo 1_054 |
A thin Ethernet cable with a BNC connector, a thin Ethernet terminator and a thin Ethernet "T" connector |
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Photo 1_055 |
Thin Ethernet terminator |
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Photo 1_056 |
AUI connection multiplexor |
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Photo 1_061 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_062 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_066 |
Cables running through conduit |
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Photo 1_067 |
An AUI-to-thinnet adapter |
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Photo 2_012 |
A multiple-port router; this router interconnects 8 10Base-T Ethernets and an SMDS WAN |
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Photo 2_014 |
A computer with a 10Base-T NIC |
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Photo 2_015 |
Two network hubs in a wiring closet; 10Base-T cables fan out from these hubs to computers located elsewhere in the building; the hubs are mounted on the wall of the wiring closet to save space. |
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Photo 2_016 |
Two network hubs in a wiring closet; with the hubs mounted on the wall, the closet can be shared with other equipment. |
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Photo 2_017 |
Punch-down blocks in a wiring closet. |
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Photo 2_018 |
Network hub in a wiring closet; the 10Base-T cables connected to the hub can be seen at the right of the picture. |
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Photo 2_019 |
A network hub, punch-down blocks and other electronic cabling in a wiring closet. |
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Photo 2_025 |
An Ethernet NIC. |
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Photo 3_001 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_011 |
A wall outlet with six RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_012 |
A wall outlet with six RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_013 |
A wall outlet with four unused RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_014 |
A wall outlet with four unused RJ-45 Ethernet jacks. The jacks are connected to a patch panel in a wiring closet where they can be turned on or off and attached to various Ethernet local area networks. |
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Photo 3_018 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling. |
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Photo 3_019 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling. |
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Photo 3_020 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling. |
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Photo 3_021 |
An Ethernet network interface card. This card has connectors for three types of Ethernet cabling. From top to bottom they are twisted pair, thick, and thin. |
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Photo 3_022 |
An Ethernet network interface card. This card has connectors for three types of Ethernet cabling. From top to bottom they are twisted pair, thick, and thin. |
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Photo 3_023 |
An ATM interface card for use with twisted pair cabling. The silver box on the right edge of the card is an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 3_024 |
An ATM interface card for use with twisted pair cabling. The silver box on the right edge of the card is an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 3_025 |
A Proxim RangeLAN wireless local area network interface card. Also shown is a table-top antenna which attaches to the interface card. |
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Photo 3_026 |
A Proxim RangeLAN wireless local area network interface card. Also shown is a table-top antenna which attaches to the interface card. |
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Photo 3_027 |
An AirLAN wireless local area network interface card. The white rectangular object is a wall or ceiling mount antenna which attaches to the interface. |
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Photo 3_028 |
An AirLAN wireless local area network interface card. The white rectangular object is a wall or ceiling mount antenna which attaches to the interface. |
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Photo 3_033 |
A RangeLAN wireless local area network PCMCIA interface card. The black object attached to the left of the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 3_034 |
A RangeLAN wireless local area network PCMCIA interface card. The black object attached to the left of the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 3_035 |
A RangeLAN wireless PCMCIA network interface card. Attached is its wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_036 |
A RangeLAN wireless PCMCIA network interface card. Attached is its wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_037 |
An AirLAN wireless LAN PCMCIA interface card. Attached to the card is the wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_038 |
An AirLAN wireless LAN PCMCIA interface card. Attached to the card is the wireless tranceiver and antenna. |
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Photo 3_039 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_040 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_041 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_042 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_043 |
A wiring closet containing, from top to bottom, three patch panels, two Ethernet hubs, and an Ethernet switch. |
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Photo 3_044 |
A wiring closet containing, from top to bottom, three patch panels, two Ethernet hubs, and an Ethernet switch. |
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Photo 3_047 |
A wiring closet containing, from top to bottom, three patch panels, two Ethernet hubs, and an Ethernet switch. |
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Photo 3_067 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_068 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_069 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_070 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_071 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_072 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_073 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_074 |
A wiring closet. From top to bottom this closet contains three patch panels, two 3Com 24 port Ethernet switches, a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair copper and fiber optic connections, and A Fore ForeRunner LE155 ATM switch with 12 twisted pair 155 megabit connections. |
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Photo 4_017 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_018 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_019 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_020 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_021 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_022 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_034 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_035 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_036 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_037 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_087 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_088 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_089 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_090 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_095 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10 Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit mode. |
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Photo 4_096 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10 Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit mode. |
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Photo 4_097 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10 Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit mode. |
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Photo 4_098 |
An AirLan wireless local area network interface antenna mounted on a ceiling. |
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Photo 4_099 |
An AirLan wireless local area network interface antenna mounted on a ceiling. |
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Photo 4_100 |
An AirLan wireless local area network interface antenna mounted on a ceiling. |
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Photo 4_101 |
A Proxim RangeLAN PCMCIA wireless local area network interface card being inserted into a laptop computer. The small black piece attached to the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 4_102 |
A Proxim RangeLAN PCMCIA wireless local area network interface card being inserted into a laptop computer. The small black piece attached to the card is its antenna. |
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Photo 4_105 |
A PCMCIA Ethernet interface being inserted into a laptop computer. Attached to the card is a twisted pair Ethernet cable. One end of the cable has a standard RJ-45 plug, while the end to which the card attaches has a proprietary connector. |
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Photo 4_106 |
A PCMCIA Ethernet interface being inserted into a laptop computer. Attached to the card is a twisted pair Ethernet cable. One end of the cable has a standard RJ-45 plug, while the end to which the card attaches has a proprietary connector. |
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Photo 6_003 |
A Cisco 2900 XL switch (2924XL-M). The switch has 24 10/100 Mbps twisted pair Ethernet ports. It also accomdates two optional modules above. This switch has an optical fiber Ethernet interface installed in the left module bay and no module on the right. |
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Photo 6_004 |
The rear of a Cisco Catalyst 8540 MSR switch. This particular switch is fully redundant with backup processor cards, network interface cards and power supplies. |
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Photo 6_005 |
The rear of a Cisco Catalyst 8540 MSR switch. This particular switch is fully redundant with backup processor cards, network interface cards and power supplies. |
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Photo 6_019 |
A 24-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry at the left of the photo handles the transmission and reception of Ethernet frames. The circuitry at the right communicates with the rest of the Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry in the middle of the board performs the frame switching function. |
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Photo 6_020 |
A 24-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry at the left of the photo handles the transmission and reception of Ethernet frames. The circuitry at the right communicates with the rest of the Catalyst 5000 switch. The circuitry in the middle of the board performs the frame switching function. |
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Photo 6_021 |
An ATM uplink interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. |
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Photo 6_022 |
An ATM uplink interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. |
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Photo 7_003 |
A Cisco 12000 GSR (gigabit speed router). The 12000 series routers have a capacity of up to 160 Gbps and can interface to OC-3, OC-12 or gigabit Ethernet. |
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Photo 7_004 |
Cisco Aironet 340 wireless LAN base station and PC card interface. |
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Photo 7_005 |
Cisco 340 series wireless LAN products, including base stations, PC Card interfaces and desktop computer interfaces. |
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Photo 7_008 |
A twisted pair interface card for a Cisco DSLAM. This device is the modem in the service provider's DSLAM, typically located in the service provider's office. |
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Photo 7_011 |
A Cisco 340 wireless LAN interface, which connects to a desktop computer through a USB interface. |
