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Figure 8.11 |
An ATM switch with six computers attached, and the star topology that results. |
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Figure 8.12 |
Details of a connection between an ATM switch and a computer. Each connection consists of a pair of optical fibers. One fiber carries data to the switch, and the other carries data to the computer. |
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Figure 13.1 |
A packet switch with two types of I/O connectors: one type is used to connect to other packet switches, and the other is used to connect to computers. |
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Figure 13.2 |
A small WAN formed by interconnecting packet switches. Connections between packet switches usually operate at a higher speed than connections to individual computers. |
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Figure 13.3 |
Example of hierarchical addresses in a WAN. Each address consists of two parts: the first part identifies a packet switch, and the second part identifies a computer connected to the switch. |
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Figure 13.4 |
(a) A network consisting of three packet switches, and (b) the next-hop forwarding information found in switch 2. Each switch has different next-hop information. |
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Figure 13.5 |
An abbreviated version of the routing table in Figure 13.4b made possible by hierarchical addressing. When forwarding to a local computer, the switch uses the second part of the address to select a specific computer. |
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Figure 13.6 |
The network from Figure 13.2 and the corresponding graph. Each node in the graph corresponds to a packet switch, and each edge between two nodes represents a connection between the corresponding packet switches. |
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Figure 13.7 |
The routing table for each node in the graph of Figure 13.6. The next-hop field in an entry contains a pair (u,v) to denote the edge in the graph from node u to node v. |
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Figure 13.8 |
Revised version of the routing tables in Figure 13.7. An asterisk in the column labeled destination denotes a default route. |
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Figure 13.9 |
A graph with weights assigned to edges. The shortest path between nodes 4 and 5 is shown darkened. The distance along the path is 19, the sum of the weights on the edges. |
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Figure 14.1 |
Fields in the 5-octet header found in an ATM cell. Each line in the diagram represents one octet. |
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Figure 14.2 |
Illustration of an ATM VC between two computers. |
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Figure 14.3 |
An illustration of three ATM switches and the forwarding table in each switch that allows a single VC to span the network. Only those table entries that correspond to the VC are shown. |
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Figure 15.1 |
Summary of major characteristics for example technologies. The technologies suitable for WANs are used in public networks. |
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Figure 17.2 |
An internet formed by using three routers to interconnect four physical networks. Each network can be a LAN or a WAN. |
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Figure 40.1 |
Illustration of a firewall that is used to protect an organization against unwanted interaction with the Internet. |
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Animation 09_3 |
Routers interconnect networks to form internets by forwarding protocol datagrams from the destination to the source |
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Animation 10_1 |
Packet delivery in a Wide Area Network |
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Photo 1_033 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_034 |
Optical fiber connections into an ATM NIC |
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Photo 1_061 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 1_062 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch |
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Photo 2_012 |
A multiple-port router; this router interconnects 8 10Base-T Ethernets and an SMDS WAN |
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Photo 3_001 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_002 |
Closeups of a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair copper and fiber optic connections, and a Fore ForeRunner LE155 ATM switch with 12 twisted pair 155 megabit connections (see photo img3_001). |
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Photo 3_003 |
ATM switch with both twisted pair copper and fiber optic connections, and a Fore ForeRunner LE155 ATM switch with 12 twisted pair 155 megabit connections (see photo img3_001). |
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Photo 3_004 |
A closeup of two 3Com 24 port Ethernet switches, a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair copper and fiber optic connections, and a Fore ForeRunner LE155 ATM switch with 12 twisted pair 155 megabit connections (see photo img3_001). |
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Photo 3_023 |
An ATM interface card for use with twisted pair cabling. The silver box on the right edge of the card is an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 3_024 |
An ATM interface card for use with twisted pair cabling. The silver box on the right edge of the card is an RJ-45 connector. |
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Photo 3_039 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_040 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_041 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_042 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are connected. |
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Photo 3_063 |
The larger device at the bottom is a Cisco 7000 router. On top is a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with various twisted pair and fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 3_064 |
The larger device at the bottom is a Cisco 7000 router. On top is a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with various twisted pair and fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 3_065 |
A Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair and fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 3_066 |
A Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair and fiber optic connections. |
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Photo 3_067 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_068 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_069 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_070 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_071 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_072 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_073 |
A wiring closet containing various patch panels, Ethernet switches and hubs, and ATM switches. |
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Photo 3_074 |
A wiring closet. From top to bottom this closet contains three patch panels, two 3Com 24 port Ethernet switches, a Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with both twisted pair copper and fiber optic connections, and A Fore ForeRunner LE155 ATM switch with 12 twisted pair 155 megabit connections. |
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Photo 4_017 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_018 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_019 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_020 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_021 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_022 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers' processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors. |
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Photo 4_034 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_035 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_036 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_037 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155 megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion. |
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Photo 4_044 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12 ports are at the right of each machine. |
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Photo 4_045 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12 ports are at the right of each machine. |
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Photo 4_046 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12 ports are at the right of each machine. |
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Photo 4_047 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12 ports are at the right of each machine. |
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Photo 4_048 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports. |
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Photo 4_049 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports. |
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Photo 4_050 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports. |
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Photo 4_051 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports. |
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Photo 4_052 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports. |
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Photo 4_087 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_088 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_089 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_090 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right carries data from the switch to this host. |
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Photo 4_091 |
A Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (historic). This switch has four ports to which hosts are connected. Each port consists of two connectors, one for transmitting data and one for receiving data. One can see three free slots in which additional ports can be added. A twisted pair tranceiver on the lower left also attaches the switch the an Ethernet network. |
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Photo 4_092 |
A Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (historic). This switch has four ports to which hosts are connected. Each port consists of two connectors, one for transmitting data and one for receiving data. One can see three free slots in which additional ports can be added. A twisted pair tranceiver on the lower left also attaches the switch the an Ethernet network. |
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Photo 4_093 |
Closeup of the ports on a Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (see photo img4_091). |
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Photo 4_094 |
Closeup of the ports on a Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (see photo img4_091). |
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Photo 6_021 |
An ATM uplink interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. |
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Photo 6_022 |
An ATM uplink interface board for a Cisco Catalyst 5000 switch. |
